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What is a Hiatal Hernia?
A hiatal hernia occurs when the upper part of the stomach protrudes through the diaphragm, a hole usually occupied by the esophagus.
There are two main types of hiatus hernia. The sliding hiatus hernia which is the most common. The sphincter at the bottom of the esophagus and the top of the stomach protrude through the hole (hiatus) in the diaphragm. The hernia may slide up and down, in and out of the lower chest. This type of hernia is often quite small.
Rolling hiatus hernia are less common. Part of the stomach protrudes up through the hole in the diaphragm next to the esophagus.
Causes of Hiatal Hernia
A hiatus hernia occurs when a section of the stomach, which usually lies in the abdominal cavity, protrudes through a gap (hiatus) in the diaphragm to enter the chest. It is more common in the overweight and in those who smoke. Occasionally, it is present from birth.
Symptoms of Hiatal Hernia
The vast majority of hiatal hernias are of the sliding type, and most of them are not associated with symptoms. The larger the hernia, the more likely it is to cause symptoms. When sliding hiatal hernias produce symptoms, they almost always are those of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) or its complications. This occurs because the formation of the hernia often interferes with the barrier (lower esophageal sphincter) which prevents acid from refluxing from the stomach into the esophagus. Additionally, it is known that patients with GERD are much more likely to have a hiatal hernia than individuals not afflicted by GERD. Thus, it is clear that hiatal hernias contribute to GERD. However, it is not clear if hiatal hernias alone can result in GERD. Since GERD may occur in the absence of a hiatal hernia, factors other than the presence of a hernia can cause GERD.
*This website is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Only a physician or other qualified health provider can diagnose and treat a hernia.
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